A Bear Hug is an acquisition strategy where an acquirer company offers to purchase another company (the target) at a substantially higher price than its then current market price.
Key characteristics includes premium offer, friendly/ hostile and board-level proposal.
A Bear Hug is an acquisition strategy where an acquirer company offers to purchase another company (the target) at a substantially higher price than its then current market price. The offer is typically addressed to the board of directors of the target company, not the shareholders.
The term "bear hug" originated from the thought of an offer so friendly that the target firm is obligated to accept - just as a bear hug that can't be shaked off.
Premium Offer: The bid is tendered at a premium price far higher than the company's current stock market price.
Friendly or Hostile: Although it's friendly, it becomes hostile when the target refuses.
Board-Level Proposal: The acquirer tends to approach the board instead of issuing a public bid.
Initial Interest
Proposal to the Board
Board's Dilemma
Possible Outcomes
Suppose that a company's stock is priced at ₹100 per share. Another company comes along and pays ₹150 per share to take it over - a 50% premium. That is a classic bear hug: the bid is extremely difficult for the board and shareholders to resist.
1. Put Pressure on the Target Board: It's difficult for the board to say no to a generous bid without angering shareholders.
2. Avoid Hostility in the First Place: It begins as a non-hostile offer, with strong likelihood of acceptance.
3. Build Shareholder Support: High prices get the attention and support of the shareholders.
1. Board Rejection: Even when offering high, the board can reject if they feel the company is worth more.
2. Public Backlash: In case it goes hostile, it can damage the acquirer's reputation.
3. Overpaying: The acquirer might overvalue the target and pay an excess.
Feature | Bear Hug | Hostile Takeover |
---|---|---|
Approach | Private offer to the board | Public offer to shareholders |
Tone | Initially friendly | Aggressive from the start |
Offer Price | Typically high | May or may not be high |
Board Reaction | Pressured to accept | Often bypassed |